Grid-Based Classifier as a Replacement for Multiclass Classifier in a Supervised Non-Parametric Approach

Pattern recognition/classification has received a considerable attention in engineering fields. In most applications, it is desirable to maintain the classification accuracy, but also reduce the classification time. The quality of a given classification technique is measured by the computational complexity, execution time of algorithms, and the number of patterns that can be classified correctly despite any distribution. In this thesis, a new method known as Grid Based Classifier was proposed. This method carries the advantages of the two previous methods in order to improve the classification tasks. The problem with the current lazy algorithms is that they learn quickly, but classify very slowly. On the other hand, the eager algorithms classify quickly, but they learn very slowly. The two algorithms were compared, and the proposed algorithm was found to be able to both learn and classify quickly. The method was developed based on the grid structure, whereby it was done to create a successful method of improving performance in classification. In the current research, the new algorithm was tested and applied to the multiclass classification of two or more categories, which are important for handling problems related to practical classification. The new method was also compared with the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation neural network in the learning stage and the Condensed nearest neighbor in the testing stage to examine the performance of the model. The experimental results on artificial data sets and real-world data sets (from UCI Repository) show that the new method could improve both the efficiency and accuracy of pattern classification. In real-world experiment (Haberman data set), new method allows 1% improvement in training accuracy and 1.8% improvement in testing accuracy and also allows considerable improvement in running time comparing to neural network method

The Effect of Particle Collisions on Heat Transfer in a Non-Isothermal Dilute Turbulent Gas-Particle Flow

We analyze the effect of particle-to-particle collision on the heat transfer in a temporally evolving thermal mixing layer which develops between two isothermal regions in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow. Eulerian-Lagrangian Direct Numerical Simulations in the two-way coupling regime are carried out in a wide range of particle Stokes number, from 0.2 to 3, with a thermal Stokes-number-to-Stokes-number ratio equal to 4.43, at a Taylor microscale Reynolds number up to 124. We quantify how much particle collisions tend to reduce the average heat transfer with respect to a collisionless regime and show that the overall effect is minor even at the higher Stokes number simulated

The Impact of Collisions on Heat Transfer in a Particle-Laden Shearless Turbulent Flow

In this research, we undertake an investigation of a turbulent flow seeded with heavy inertial particles, employing Eulerian-Lagrangian point-particle direct numerical simulations in the two-way coupling regime. The primary objective of our investigation is to assess the influence of inter-particle collisions on heat transfer within the time-evolving thermal mixing layer that develops between two regions with distinct temperatures in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow. Our findings encompass a range of Stokes numbers spanning from 0.2 to 3, while maintaining a thermal Stokes number to Stokes number ratio of 4.43, at a Taylor microscale Reynolds number up to 124. Our results reveal that particle collisions tend to diminish the correlation between particle temperature and velocity, consequently leading to a marginal reduction in the average heat transfer when compared to a collisionless regime at higher Stokes numbers

The saturation number of monomial ideals

Let $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ be the polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$ and $\mathfrak{m}= (x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ be the irredundant maximal ideal of $S$. For an ideal $I \subset S$, let $\mathrm{sat}(I)$ be the minimum number $k$ for which $I \colon \mathfrak{m}^k = I \colon \mathfrak{m}^{k+1}$. In this paper, we compute the saturation number of irreducible monomial ideals and their powers. We apply this result to find the saturation number of the ordinary powers and symbolic powers of some families of monomial ideals in terms of the saturation number of irreducible components appearing in an irreducible decomposition of these ideals. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the saturation number of monomial ideals in two variables

Heat Transfer in a Non-Isothermal Collisionless Turbulent Particle-Laden Flow

To better understand the role of particle inertia on the heat transfer in the presence of a thermal inhomogeneity, Eulerian–Lagrangian direct numerical simulations (DNSs) have been carried out by using the point–particle model. By considering particles transported by a homogeneous and isotropic, statistically steady turbulent velocity field with a Taylor microscale Reynolds number from 37 to 124, we have investigated the role of particle inertia and thermal inertia in one- and two-way coupling collisionless regimes on the heat transfer between two regions at uniform temperature. A wide range of Stokes numbers, from 0.1 to 3 with a thermal Stokes-number-to-Stokes-number ratio equal to 0.5 to 4.43 has been simulated. It has been found that all moments always undergo a self-similar evolution in the interfacial region between the two uniform temperature zones, the thickness of which shows diffusive growth. We have determined that the maximum contribution of particles to the heat flux, relative to the convective heat transfer, is achieved at a Stokes number which increases with the ratio between thermal Stokes and Stokes number, approaching 1 for very large ratios. Furthermore, the maximum increases with the thermal Stokes-to-Stokes number ratio whereas it reduces for increasing Reynolds. In the two-way coupling regime, particle feedback tends to smooth temperature gradients by reducing the convective heat flux and to increase the particle turbulent heat flux, in particular at a high Stokes number. The impact of particle inertia reduces at very large Stokes numbers and at larger Reynolds numbers. The dependence of the Nusselt number on the relevant governing parameters is presented. The implications of these findings for turbulence modelling are also briefly discussed

INVESTIGATING AGE–BASED COMPLIMENTS IN PERSIAN

The present study was an attempt to investigate differences in the use of compliments in Persian across age as a social variable. Data was gathered through a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) with imaginary situations in which 200 native Persian speakers were asked to put themselves in those situations and give compliments. The results indicated that the most frequently used compliment strategies by Persian native speakers were explicit unbound semantic formula and non-compliment strategies. However, the participants used 'other' strategies, future reference, contrast, and request strategies the least. The results also suggested the effect of age on the distribution of compliments. While the younger participants preferred non-compliment strategies the most, the older participants preferred explicit unbound semantic formula strategies the most. However, despite minor differences, all age-groups rarely tended to use future reference, contrast, request, and 'other' strategies. The results cashed light on the cultural and socio-cultural factors affecting the way people offer compliments.Keywords: Pragmatic competence, Speech acts, Compliments, Discourse Completion Task (DCT), Social variable

Heat Transfer Mechanism In Particle-Laden Turbulent Shearless Flows

Particle-laden turbulent flows are one of the complex flow regimes involved in a wide range of environmental, industrial, biomedical and aeronautical applications. Recently the interest has included also the interaction between scalars and particles, and the complex scenario which arises from the interaction of particle finite inertia, temperature transport, and momentum and heat feedback of particles on the flow leads to a multi-scale and multi-physics phenomenon which is not yet fully understood. The present work aims to investigate the fluid-particle thermal interaction in turbulent mixing under one-way and two-way coupling regimes. A recent novel numerical framework has been used to investigate the impact of suspended sub-Kolmogorov inertial particles on heat transfer within the mixing layer which develops at the interface of two regions with different temperature in an isotropic turbulent flow. Temperature has been considered a passive scalar, advected by the solenoidal velocity field, and subject to the particle thermal feedback in the two-way regime. A self-similar stage always develops where all single-point statistics of the carrier fluid and the suspended particles collapse when properly re-scaled. We quantify the effect of particle inertial, parametrized through the Stokes and thermal Stokes numbers, on the heat transfer through the Nusselt number, defined as the ratio of the heat transfer to the thermal diffusion. A scale analysis will be presented. We show how the modulation of fluid temperature gradients due to the statistical alignments of the particle velocity and the local carrier flow temperature gradient field, impacts the overall heat transfer in the two-way coupling regime

HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN A TURBULENT SHEARLESS FLOW

Numerical simulations are used to investigate the role of particle inertia and thermal inertia on the heat transfer in a particle-laden turbulent flow. By using the point-particle model, a wide range of Stokes and thermal Stokes number have been simulated in a simple configuration where a temperature discontinuity is introduced in a statistically steady homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow with a Taylor microscale Reynolds number between 37 and 124. This configuration produces a self-similar evolution of the carrier flow and particle temperature statistics during which the Nusselt number remains constant. Our results show that the maximum contribution by particles to the heat flux is achieved at a Stokes number which increases with the ratio between thermal Stokes and Stokes number, approaching one for very large ratios. Moreover, the maximum increases with the thermal Stokes to Stokes number ratio and, relatively to the convective heat flux, it reduces as the Reynolds number increases

Multiple Supernumerary Teeth in a Non-Syndromic Patient: A Case Report

Introduction: Multiple supernumerary teeth are a rare phenomenon. It occurs more often in patients with syndromes such as Gardner's syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia and so on. This phenomenon in absence of such syndromes is rare. The purpose of this report was to introduce a case of non-syndromic multiple supernumerary impacted teeth.Case Report: A 29-year-old woman with no skeletal, metabolic, systemic and mental disorder was referred to oral and maxillofacial department of Mashhad dental school. In clinical evaluation, seven Permanent teeth were missing. In radiographic evaluation, there were a total of 15 impacted teeth which 7 of them were supernumerary.Conclusion: Missing or Excess of one or more teeth usually leads to occlusal and functional problems. In these cases, a complete clinical and radiographic examination accompanieal by a precise history should be performed to plan a suitable surgical-orthodontic-prosthetic treatment